What are the key differences between functional and class components in React?

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Functional and class components are two ways to define components in React, each with key differences in syntax, behavior, and usage.

Functional components are simpler and written as JavaScript functions. They accept props as arguments and return JSX. Before React 16.8, functional components were stateless, but with the introduction of Hooks (like use State, use Effect), they can now handle state and side effects, making them just as powerful as class components.

Class components, on the other hand, are ES6 classes that extend React.Component. They require a render() method to return JSX and use this.state and this.set State() to manage state. Lifecycle methods such as component Did Mount and component Did Update are also exclusive to class components.

Key differences:

• Syntax: Functional components use functions; class components use ES6 classes.

• State: Class components use this.state, while functional components use the use State hook.

• Lifecycle: Class components use lifecycle methods; functional components use the use Effect hook.

• Performance: Functional components are generally easier to optimize and less verbose.

Today, functional components are preferred due to their simplicity, readability, and full feature parity with class components via hooks.

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