How does React handle component lifecycle, and what are the key lifecycle methods or hooks?

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React handles component lifecycle through a series of phases: mounting, updating, and unmounting. In class components, these phases are managed using lifecycle methods. In functional components, React uses hooks to achieve similar behavior.

Class Component Lifecycle Methods:

1. Mounting (component is created and inserted into the DOM):

   • constructor(): Initializes state and binds methods.

   • componentDidMount(): Called after the component is mounted. Ideal for data fetching or subscriptions.

2. Updating (component re-renders due to state/prop changes):

   • shouldComponentUpdate(): Determines if the component should re-render.

   • componentDidUpdate(prevProps, prevState): Runs after updates. Useful for responding to changes.

3. Unmounting (component is removed from the DOM):

   • componentWillUnmount(): Cleanup work like removing timers or listeners.

Functional Components with Hooks:

React uses the useEffect hook to handle side effects, replacing many lifecycle methods:

• useEffect(() => { /* effect */ }, []);
  – Runs once after mount (like componentDidMount).

• useEffect(() => { return () => { /* cleanup */ }; }, []);
  – Adds cleanup logic (like componentWillUnmount).

• useEffect(() => { /* effect */ }, [dependencies]);
  – Runs on mount and when dependencies change (like componentDidUpdate).

Other hooks like useState, useRef, and useLayoutEffect support additional lifecycle needs.

React’s lifecycle system ensures components remain efficient, reactive, and clean across their existence in the app.

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What is JSX, and how does it work under the hood in React?

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