What is the difference between functional and class components?

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In React, components can be written as either functional components or class components. While both serve the same purpose—building UI elements—they differ in syntax, features, and how they handle state and lifecycle methods.

1. Syntax and Simplicity

• Functional Components:

• Are plain JavaScript functions.

• Simpler and more concise.

• Class Components:

• Are ES6 classes that extend React.Component.

• Require a constructor and this keyword.

2. State and Lifecycle

• Functional Components (with Hooks):

  • Originally stateless, but with React Hooks (e.g., useState, useEffect), they can now handle state and lifecycle behavior.

  • Encouraged for most new development.

• Class Components:

  • Manage state using this.state and update it with this.setState.

  • Use lifecycle methods like componentDidMount, componentDidUpdate.

3. Performance and Preference

• Functional components tend to be more readable, easier to test, and perform slightly better due to simpler structures.

• React’s modern best practices favor functional components with hooks for new applications.

Conclusion:

Class components are still supported, but functional components with hooks are the preferred and modern way to build components in React, offering a cleaner and more powerful way to manage component logic.

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